According to Shelley Moore, it is clear to me that each learner has characteristics that affect teaching, so we need to design a teaching model that is suitable for as many learners as possible. First, designers should consider as many types of learners as possible before starting to design interactive learning resources. We should consider every kind of learning difficulty that learners may encounter. For example, if we are going to teach visually impaired learners, we should include as much course material as possible that can be addressed by listening and reducing reading. Or we should set up video or audio material matching academic articles for students to choose from.

Second, designers should search for unexpected situations they have encountered from their own learning experience, and then set up alternate plans to deal with them in the course design. For example, our Chinese courses include lectures. If a situation like COVID-19 or a natural disaster makes it impossible for students to meet with their tutor, we will quickly switch to an online course and ensure that students pay attention to the lecture screen by turning on cameras and asking random questions in class. This is a common practice during the pandemic, but I would like to add that in case students are unable to attend due to equipment damage, lecturers should record the screen in advance so that they can keep up with the progress.

Moreover, I think the key to the inclusive design is to make it easy and clear for everyone to participate in the learning process. The complexity of learners is that many times they encounter more than one difficult situation. As course designers, we should consider whether the original strategies and methods can solve multiple emergencies simultaneously when they are superimposed. One design process I support is to first design a basic teaching process and then assume different situations multiple times to refine and add content. The end result may not be perfect, but this approach is inclusive for most learners.